| ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠬᠦᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ | ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠤᠯ︖ ︽ᠪᠣᠶ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠮᠥᠨ︾ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ | ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮ ᠨᠠᠨᠳᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠷᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠳᠡ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦᠯᠦᠶᠡ᠃ | ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠭᠥᠷᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢ ᠴᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ︵ᠴ᠊︶ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠳ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠯ ᠭᠥᠷᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠪᠠᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠶᠤᠨ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠲᠣ | ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠮᠪᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ︵ᠪ᠊︶ | ᠷᠢᠨᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠥᠷᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢ ᠴᠢᠳ᠋ᠷᠠᠪᠠᠷ ︵ᠴ᠊︶ ᠤᠨ | ᠯᠤᠳᠤᠶᠢᠳᠠᠮᠪᠠ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠯ ᠭᠥᠷᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢ ᠴᠦᠢᠵᠢᠯᠵᠠᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠯᠾᠮᠤᠰᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠩ ᠨᠠᠷ 1956 | ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠷᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | | | ︵ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ︶ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢ Ch. ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠳ᠂ B. ᠷᠢᠨᠴᠢᠨ᠂ Ch. ᠯᠤᠳᠤᠶᠢᠳᠠᠮᠪᠠ᠂ E. ᠤᠶᠤᠨ᠂ | Ch. ᠯᠾᠮᠤᠰᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠩ᠃ | 1990 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠢ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳᠤ | ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠮᠡ ᠶᠣᠰᠣ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | | ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠤᠳᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ Ch · ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠳ | | | ︽ᠪᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ︾ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠵᠤ | ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠤᠶᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠥᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ | ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮᠰᠦᠭ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠵᠢᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢ ᠵᠦᠴᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠺᠢᠨᠣ᠋ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ | ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ Ch. ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠭᠥᠷᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ | ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ | ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠯ ︵1977 ᠣᠨ︶᠂ ᠪᠥᠬᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ | ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠺᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠯ ︵1976 ᠣᠨ︶ ᠢ ᠭᠥᠷᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢ ᠴ᠊ · ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠰ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠫᠦᠱᠺᠢᠨ ᠤ ︽ᠶᠧᠹᠭᠧᠨᠢᠤᠨᠧᠺᠢᠨ︾ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠯᠸ᠊ ᠲᠤᠯᠰᠲ᠋ᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ︽ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠩᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠪᠤᠩ︾ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠵᠧᠦ ᠯᠢ ᠪᠥᠸᠧ᠂ ᠱᠠᠺᠰᠫᠧᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ | ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠶᠡᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠯᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠰᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨᠠ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ | ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠢᠨᠳᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠰᠡᠩᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠫᠦᠱᠺᠢᠨ ᠤ ︽ᠶᠧᠹᠭᠧᠨᠢᠤᠨᠧᠺᠢᠨ︾ ᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ᠄ ︽ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠳ ᠮᠢᠨᠢ᠂ ᠠᠳᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠶᠠ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ | ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠷᠠᠢ᠂ ᠪᠢ ᠠᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠮᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠠᠷᠰᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠢᠨᠳᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠯᠠ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠪ | ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ D. ᠰᠡᠩᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠺᠠᠳᠧᠮᠢᠴᠢ Ts.ᠳ᠋ᠠᠮᠳᠢᠨᠰᠦ᠋ᠷᠦ᠋ᠡᠭ | ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ Ts.ᠳ᠋ᠠᠮᠤᠳᠢᠨᠰᠦ᠋ᠷᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠴᠦ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ︽ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠬᠤᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ | ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠲᠦ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ︽ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠳ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ᠂ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠰ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠶᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠩᠬᠢᠨᠢ ︽ | ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠰ︾ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ | | ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢ ᠤᠶᠤᠨ | | | ︽ᠱᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ︾ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ︽ᠠᠮᠤᠷᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ︾ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠴᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠭᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠱᠠᠺᠰᠫᠧᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ︽ᠯᠢᠷ ᠸᠠᠩ︾ ᠤᠨ | ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ︽ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ︾ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ︽ᠠᠬᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠦ︾᠂ ︽ᠭᠠᠯᠸᠠ︾ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢ᠂ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ᠂ | ᠰᠢ ᠵᠦᠴᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢ᠂ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠣᠺᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠪᠠᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠶᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ | ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ | ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠪᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ᠂ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷᠴᠢ᠂ | ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠣᠨᠣᠰᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ | ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠶᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠭᠢᠯᠤᠮᠠ | ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠤᠶᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠦᠴᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠯᠡ | ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠦᠶᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠪᠡᠭᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠲᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ L. ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠷ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠴᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠄ ︽ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢ | ᠲᠣᠭᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠳᠴᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ᠂ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠵᠢᠭ | ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠦᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠳᠴᠤ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ | ᠲᠣᠭᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯ ᠳᠠᠰᠤᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ᠂ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠨᠰᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ᠂ ᠲᠣᠭᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | 1935 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 1950 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠢ ᠵᠦᠴᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠴᠦᠭᠡ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢ᠂ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠶᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠭᠠᠶ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ | ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠤᠶᠤᠨ 1942 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠲᠤ ᠵᠦᠴᠦᠭᠡᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠭᠥᠷᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ 1945 | ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠭᠥᠷᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ 1946 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠠᠬᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠦ︾ ᠵᠦᠴᠦᠭᠡ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠭᠥᠷᠳᠡᠪᠡ᠃ 1978 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠶᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢ ︽ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠯ︾ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠭᠥᠷᠳᠡᠪᠡ᠃ | | ᠤᠳᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪ᠊ · ᠷᠢᠨᠴᠢᠨ | | | ᠶᠤᠩᠰᠢᠶᠠᠪᠤ ᠣᠪᠣᠭᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠧᠮᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠷᠢᠨᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ | ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ 1905 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠲᠤ ︵ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠵᠡᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠂ ᠵᠠᠩ | ᠥᠢᠯᠨ ᠵᠦᠢ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ | ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠩᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠠᠺᠠᠳᠧᠮᠢᠴᠢ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠣᠺᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠪ᠊ · ᠷᠢᠨᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ᠂ ᠴᠧᠬᠤᠰᠯᠠᠬᠤᠶᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ᠂ ᠫᠤᠯᠠᠨᠳ᠋ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ᠂ ᠹᠷᠠᠨᠼᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ᠂ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ | ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ᠂ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ 1956 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ | ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠥᠬᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠣᠺᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠰᠠᠵᠤ᠂ 10 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠰᠢᠳᠬᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠢᠨᠳᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠰᠤᠯᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ | ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠷᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠹᠧᠣᠳᠠᠯ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠯᠡᠩᠲᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠲᠡᠨ | ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠳᠬᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠤᠬᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ | ᠠᠮᠰᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠪ᠊ · ᠷᠢᠨᠴᠢᠨ 1945 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠺᠢᠨᠣ᠋ ︽ᠴᠣᠭᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ︾ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠯ | ᠢ ᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠥᠷᠳᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ︽ᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ︾᠂ | ᠪᠠᠯᠠᠷ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠵᠢᠰ ︽ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠵᠠᠯᠤᠳᠠᠶ︾᠂ ︽ᠨᠣᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ | ᠪᠢᠯᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ︾᠂ ︽ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠳᠠᠯ︾᠂ ︽ᠰᠢᠬᠦᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠤᠨᠢᠶᠠ︾ | ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠵᠢᠰ ︽ᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ︾ ᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ᠂ ᠴᠧᠬᠤ᠋ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠪ᠊ · ᠷᠢᠨᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ | ᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠳᠬᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠤᠷᠺᠢ᠂ ᠮᠠᠶᠠᠺᠤᠹᠰᠺᠢ᠂ | ᠱᠤᠯᠤᠬᠤᠹ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | | | ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠰᠲᠠᠨ ᠯᠾᠮᠤᠰᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠩ | | | ᠣᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠬᠤᠩᠭᠤᠷ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠯᠾᠮᠤᠰᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠨᠢ 1920 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠴᠦᠢᠵᠢᠯᠵᠠᠪ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ | ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ | ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠤ ᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠ | ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ | ᠶᠢ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠮᠣᠰᠺᠸᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠺᠢ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠪᠡ᠃ ︽ᠮᠠᠮᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢ ᠢᠷᠡ︾᠂ ︽ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠩ ᠮᠣᠷᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ | ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ 1963 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠭᠥᠷᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠮᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ | ᠭᠥᠷᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠥᠨᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ | ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠽᠧᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠪᠬᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠰᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠰᠬᠠᠵᠤ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ︽ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠳᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠠᠳᠠ ᠴᠢᠳᠬᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ︾᠂ ︽ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷᠴᠢ | ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ︾᠂ ︽ᠡᠵᠢ︾᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ︽ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠳ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠵᠠᠮ︾᠂ ᠲᠤᠤᠯᠢᠰ | ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ ︽ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ︾᠂ ᠬᠡᠦᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ︽ᠲᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠᠢ︾᠂ ︽ | ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠤᠭ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠥᠬᠢᠨ︾ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ | ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | | | ︽ᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠩᠯᠠᠢ︾ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢ ᠴ᠊ · ᠯᠤᠳᠤᠶᠢᠳᠠᠮᠪᠠ | | | ᠴ᠊ · ᠯᠤᠳᠤᠶᠢᠳᠠᠮᠪᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠯ ᠭᠥᠷᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ 1954 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠰᠫᠢᠷᠠᠨᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ 1940 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢ᠂ ᠷᠣᠮᠠᠨ | ︽ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ︾ ᠪᠠ ︽ᠲᠤᠩᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠮᠢᠷ︾᠂ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠵᠢ ︽ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠰ︾᠂ | ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ︽ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨ᠋ᠸᠠ︾᠂ ︽ᠰᠣᠯᠣᠩᠭᠠ︾ ᠪᠠ ︽ᠳᠤᠰᠤᠯ ᠨᠢᠯᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠶ | ︾᠂ ᠵᠦᠴᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ︽ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ︾ ᠪᠠ ︽ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ︾᠂ ᠺᠢᠨᠣ᠋ | ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ︽ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠥᠬᠢᠳ︾ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢ ᠴ᠊ · ᠯᠤᠳᠤᠶᠢᠳᠠᠮᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ︽ᠲᠤᠩᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠮᠢᠷ︾᠂ ︽ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ︾ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠷᠣᠮᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ | ᠣᠷᠣᠰ᠂ ᠴᠧᠬᠤᠰᠯᠠᠸᠢᠶᠠ᠂ ᠷᠣᠮᠠᠨᠢᠶᠠ᠂ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ᠂ ᠸᠢᠶᠧᠲᠨᠠᠮ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ | ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠂ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠳᠠᠳᠬᠠᠯ | ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠣᠰᠤᠯ ᠭᠠᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢ ᠴ᠊ · ᠯᠤᠳᠤᠶᠢᠳᠠᠮᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠷᠣᠮᠠᠨ ︽ᠲᠤᠩᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠮᠢᠷ︾ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠡᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠩᠯᠠᠢ︾ | ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | 1954 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠷᠣᠮᠠᠨ ︽ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ︾ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠵᠢ ︽ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠰ | ︾ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠬᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠪᠠ᠂ 1971 | ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠷᠣᠮᠠᠨ ︽ᠲᠤᠩᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠮᠢᠷ︾ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠯ ᠭᠥᠷᠳᠡᠪᠡ | ᠃ 1970 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 1973 ᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ᠂ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠵᠢᠰ ︽ᠲᠤᠩᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠮᠢᠷ︾ ᠢ ᠺᠢᠨᠣ᠋ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ | ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠵᠢᠫᠧᠯᠮᠠ ᠣᠨᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷ | ᠭᠥᠷᠳᠡᠪᠡ᠃ | ᠴ᠊ · ᠯᠤᠳᠤᠶᠢᠳᠠᠮᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠡᠨᠡᠷ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ Ch. ᠳ᠋ᠤᠯᠭᠠᠷᠰᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠩ ᠢ | ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠ᠃ ︽ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ︾᠂ ︽ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨ᠋ᠸᠠ︾ | ︵1946᠂ 1953 ᠣᠨ︶᠂ ︽ᠠᠬᠠᠮᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠨᠠᠮᠲᠠᠷ ︵1956 ᠣᠨ︶᠂ ︽ᠮᠢᠨᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯ | ︾ ︵1962 ᠣᠨ︶᠂ ︽ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ︾ ︵1968 ᠣᠨ︶ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠴᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠩᠰᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠴ᠊ · ᠯᠤᠳᠤᠶᠢᠳᠠᠮᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠣᠷ ᠨᠠᠨᠳᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠣᠷ ᠨᠠᠨᠳᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | | |